International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
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Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Bhaven Kataria
ISSN: 2349-3283 (Print); 2349-3291 (Online)
Frequency: Quarterly
Language: English
Open Access Peer-reviewed journal
Web site: https://www.ijpediatrics.com/
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Item A comprehensive analysis of twin births: clinical characteristics, morbidity trends, and risk determinants(Medip Academy, 2024-05) Parvin, Nazma; Naher, Begum Sharifun; Shamim, Kazi Farhana Binta; Chowdhury, Golam RiadBackground: Twin births are often associated with increased risks and complications compared to singleton births. This study aims to analyze the clinical profile, morbidity pattern, and risk factors associated with twin births, focusing on maternal characteristics, neonatal outcomes, and the prevalence of conditions such as low birth weight (LBW) and preterm births.Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center, involving 25 mothers who had given birth to twins and their 50 neonates. The study assessed maternal age, antenatal care, parity, medical history, and neonatal outcomes including birth weight, gestational age, respiratory and cardiac parameters, and overall health status. Data were collected through medical records and direct observations in the neonatal intensive care unit.Results: The majority of mothers (64%) were aged between 21-30 years, with a mean age of 24.8 years. A significant proportion (92%) had regular antenatal visits, and 96% were multiparous. The majority of neonates (68%) were aged ?12 hours at assessment, with a near-equal distribution between very low birth weight (VLBW) and LBW. Preterm births were common, affecting 84% of the neonates. Respiratory challenges were evident, with 62% of neonates having SpO2 levels below 94%. The mortality rate among the neonates was 32%.Conclusions: The study highlights the high-risk nature of twin pregnancies, characterized by a significant prevalence of LBW, VLBW, and preterm births. The findings emphasize the need for enhanced prenatal care and specialized neonatal interventions. The high mortality rate among neonates indicates the critical need for targeted strategies to improve neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies. These insights are crucial for informing clinical practices and developing comprehensive care protocols for managing twin pregnancies and their associated risks.Item Pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease of children(Medip Academy, 2024-05) Randriamanga, Radohery Lovasoa; Rakotoarivelo, Fanjaharimbola Cynthia; Rakotoarisoa, Lalaina Andonirina; Robinson, Annick LalainaBackground: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is the dreaded complication of congenital heart disease with left-right shunt. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemio-clinical aspects of PAH associated with congenital heart disease.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive multicentre study over a 2-year period (1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021) conducted in three University Hospitals in Antananarivo. Hospitalized children with congenital left-right shunt heart disease were included.Results: A total of 74 cases were recruited. The sex ratio was 0.7. The mean age of the children was 10.9 (SD=18.2) months. The mean age of onset of heart disease was 8 (SD=13.6) months. Heart disease was dominated by ventricular septal defect (51.3%), patent ductus arteriosus (39.2%), and atrioventricular canal (8.1%). PAH was encountered in 49 cases (66.2%). The majority of children with PAH were under 12 months of age (71.4%) and malnourished (70.2%). According to the type of heart disease, PAH was encountered in all complete CAVs, in 76.3% of CIVs and in 55.2% of PCAs. Eseinmenger's syndrome was present in 4% of cases, and the death rate was 20.3%.Conclusions: Improved management of children with congenital heart disease is needed, both in terms of diagnosis and surgical treatment, to prevent the onset of PAH.Item Evaluation of less treatment interruption of 6-Mercaptopurine by co-administration of ursodeoxycholic acid with chemotherapy in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia(Medip Academy, 2024-05) Yesmin, Nafisa; Karim, M. Anwarul; Mazid, Abu Haider Mohammad Raziul; Mahmud, NiazBackground: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a bile acid, protects the liver through various mechanisms, including bile composition modulation and enhanced secretion. In ALL chemotherapy, 6MP is hepatotoxic, requiring dose reduction. UDCA is used to alleviate liver toxicity in ALL and other chronic cholestatic conditions. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of UDCA with chemotherapy in reducing 6MP treatment interruptions and its impact on treatment continuity in pediatric ALL.Methods: This randomized controlled trial study conducted at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, BSMMU in pediatric ALL patients during chemotherapy from September 2018 to August 2019. Fifty children aged 1 to 18 years with ALL were enrolled, half receiving UDCA alongside chemotherapy and the rest forming the control group. Serum hepatic transaminases, total bilirubin, and CBC were monitored every 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with significance set at p<0.05.Results: In this study of 50 pediatric ALL patients, there were no statistically significant age or gender differences between the "Case" (UDCA-treated) and "Control" groups. However, the UDCA group showed a significant decrease in abnormal liver function tests (32.0%) compared to controls (60.0%). Moreover, 6MP dose reduction was significantly lower in cases (4.0%) than controls (40.0%), indicating UDCA's potential hepatoprotective effects. Multivariate logistic regression revealed male gender and mean AST levels as significant factors associated with hepatotoxicity in pediatric ALL patients.Conclusions: Co-administration of UDCA with chemotherapy demonstrates a significant effect in treatment interruption by hepatotoxic drug specially 6 MP in pediatric ALL patients.Item Enteric fever masquerading as parotitis(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Dutta, Sanjeev; Khullar, NiharikaParotitis is commonly associated with viral infections, while some cases can be bacterial. Parotitis with enteric fever is very rare and has not been reported in pediatric population. An 8-years-old girl presented with parotitis, high grade fever, abdominal pain and vomiting. Salient examination findings were bilateral parotitis, cervical lymphadenopathy on right side, tonsillar hypertrophy with exudates over the right tonsil. Abdominal examination did not reveal any hepatosplenomegaly. Blood culture showed Salmonella paratyphi A., while other test for etiology of parotitis were non-conclusive. Parenteral ceftriaxone was given for a total duration of 14 days. The child responded well clinically and was kept under close follow-up. Presence of parotitis with enteric fever is a very rare finding. Blood culture is a gold standard test for diagnosing enteric fever. It should be incorporated in first line investigations in cases presenting with high grade fever and parotitis.Item Gum hypertrophy in acute myeloid leukemia: an important clinical finding not to be missed(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Narendran, Harshita; Gaddam, Sudeep; Shanmugam, Vimalnath; Jayaraman, Dhaarani; Shanmugam, Sri Gayathri; Sneha, Latha M.; Scott, Julius XavierAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by disordered differentiation and proliferation of abnormal hematopoietic stem cells. AML usually presents with symptoms of anemia like pallor and fatigue, recurrent infections, petechiae, and mucosal bleeds. Extramedullary infiltration of leukemic cells is a common finding like proptosis or myeloid sarcoma. The occurrence of gingival hypertrophy in the pediatric age group is uncommon and usually due to inflammation followed by prolonged use of certain drugs like cyclosporin or phenytoin. Gingival infiltration in AML is rare in children, usually associated with subtypes M4/M5 (FAB classification). This case report highlights the importance of considering AML as an important differential diagnosis in cases of gum hypertrophy, as being a less common cause, it is often overlooked. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment can be lifesaving. Here, we report two cases who presented with gum hypertrophy.Item A girl with synostotic plagiocephaly: unfolding as rare case(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Arya, Preeti; Bhadra, Sanket; Jassal, Monica; Rathaur, Vyas K.Dysmorphic head shape can be a presenting complaint of craniosynostosis which needs to be investigated in detail for any genetic or syndromic associations. Many genetic mutations have been associated with craniosynostosis but ERF gene mutation has been found to be very rare. Here, we have discussed about an 8 years old girl who presented with dysmorphic head shape. She had crouzoid features like exorbitism, malar hypoplasia with copper beaten skull appearance and pansynostosis on CT Head but genetic evaluation revealed ERF gene mutation suggestive of craniosynostosis 4. She had short stature which was the unique association with it. Thus, high index of suspicion should be kept for craniosynostosis 4 when phenotypic features are suggestive of crouzon syndrome as crouzon syndrome can phenotypically mimic craniosynostosis with ERF gene mutation and genetic analysis should be done to look for alternate cause of craniosynostosis; especially to look for ERF gene mutation.Item Clinical usefulness of urinary symptoms and urinalysis in diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium infection in an endemic area in Southern Nigeria: descriptive study(Medip Academy, 2024-05) Nwaoha, Chinyere A.; Nwolisa, Emeka C.; Ikejiaku, Udochikwuka P.; Amamilo, Ifeyinwa B.; Ekanem, Emmanuel E.Background: Schistosoma haematobium infection occurs worldwide with the largest number of cases seen in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the infections are acquired during childhood and are linked to urogenital diseases which contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. A study on the use of urinary symptoms, signs and urinalysis in the diagnosis of S. haematobium infection might aid in providing early, prompt and rapid intervention that will limit associated complications.Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional of 421 children aged 6-12 years in Ohaukwu LGA, Ebonyi State, recruited from four public primary schools using multistage sampling method. Urinary symptoms and signs were obtained using a questionnaire; urine samples were collected for urinalysis and urine microscopy. Simple proportions and odds ratio (CI) were used to analyze the data. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for various symptoms and signs. The data was analyzed with IBM-SPSS 20. Significance was set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of S. haematobium infection among school children in Ohaukwu LGA was 30.17%. Visible blood in urine 71.77% and dysuria 70.16% were the predominant symptoms while liver tenderness 8.87% was the most common sign. The sensitivity vs specificity of visible blood in urine and microscopic haematuria were 71.77% vs 94.43% and 100.00% vs 97.21% respectively.Conclusions: Microscopic haematuria alone was highly sensitive and specific and can be a reliable alternative to the gold standard in making diagnosis of S. haematobium infection in children living in this endemic region.Item Pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: a review(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Shah, Bipesh K.; Singh, Arun K.Autoimmune encephalitis has been an emerging disease in the pediatric age group for the last few years. It is of utmost importance to recognize the disease for the timely initiation of immunotherapy. The antibody-mediated encephalitis should be considered in the differentials apart from vasculitic, metabolic encephalopathy after ruling out bacterial, viral, tubercular, parasitic, and rickettsial causes. It can even coexist with herpes encephalitis in a quarter of the cases. The prodromal symptoms and progression to psychiatric, memory, speech disturbance, movement disorder, altered mental status, dysautonomia, and seizures within a span of a month characterize the disease. The approach to diagnosis involves various antibody testing in serum and cerebrospinal fluid along with brain imaging and electroencephalography. Early treatment with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis leads to better outcomes. A literature search was made using keywords in the Google Scholar and Pubmed databases before January 2024. The collected materials were reviewed for appropriate titles and content focusing on diagnosis and management. The article aims to provide a comprehensive review regarding the differential diagnosis and management of autoimmune encephalitis in children.Item Renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor in an adolescent: a case report and review of literature(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Khader, Abul Hasan Shadali Abdul; T., Ramya C.; Gaddam, Sudeep; Nagarajan, Priyathersini; K., Natarajan; Jayaraman, Dhaarani; Periakaruppan, GokulakrishnanRenal primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a highly malignant neoplasm that commonly affects young adults and infrequently presented in children and adolescents. We report a case of a 14-year-old female child who presented with abdominal mass. PET-CT showed an FDG avid cystic lesion in the inter and lower polar regions of the right kidney, extending into the right renal fat and renal vein, with multiple FDG avid lesions in the axial and appendicular skeleton, suggesting renal mass with bony metastases. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney. The patient completed six cycles of chemotherapy with partial response and subsequently the patient defaulted and lost to follow-up. To emphasize the critical significance of renal PNET in the differential diagnosis of renal tumors in children.Item Dual cutaneous lymphoid dyscrasias in a pediatric patient, with progression to mycosis fungoides: case report(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Cortez-Vila, Jorge A.; Lacy-Niebla, Rosa M.This case report explores the progression of cutaneous lymphoid dyscrasia to a lymphoma in a 13-year-old boy with pityriasis lichenoides chronica and lichenoid pigmented purpuric dermatitis, the latter evolving into mycosis fungoides. We highlight some of the crucial clinical and histological characteristics to differentiate between these entities. Early identification of this progression is critical not only for preventing further lymphoma development but also for initiating prompt therapy.Item Clinical profile and laboratory parameters of confirmed pediatric scrub typhus cases in a tertiary health care institute(Medip Academy, 2024-01) Chadha, Nidhi; Aulakh, RoosyBackground: Scrub typhus is one of the vector borne tropical infectious disease, caused by O. Tsutsugamushi. Because of nonspecific signs and symptoms and variable prevalence of pathognomic sign (eschar), diagnosis is very difficult in early stage. The purpose of present research was to differentiate that whether case presenting at our institution are different from previously conducted research in various regions.Methods: Hospital record of all reported cases of scrub typhus admitted to department of pediatrics at tertiary health care institute in North India over last two years (2018-2019) was retrieved and reviewed.Results: More cases were reported in male. Maximum number of cases were in 5-10 years i.e. 32 (50.0%) and only one case in less than 12 months. Maximum number cases were reported in August to October 53 (82.8%) as shown. Most common presenting complaint was fever. Most of cases reported with fever of duration of 7-14 days in (51.6%). Rash was present in 7 (10.5%) and eschar in 1 (1.5%). In lab parameters reported abnormalities severe hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, elevated transaminases, anemia, thrombocytopenia leucopenia and leucocytosis. Hepatitis in 48 (75%) was most common complication followed by pneumonia. Other reported complications were myocarditis, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, bleeding, meningitis, enchepalopathy , papilledema, ARDS and hemophagocytosis.Conclusions: Pediatrician should keep high index of suspicion for suspect scrub typhus in a child presents with febrile illness and early treat should be started. Hepatitis is most common complication. As Scrub typhus is associated with multisystem involvement, thorough assessment of patient should be done to look for these complications and appropriate management of complications should be provided to prevent mortality.Item Developmental delay and autism with hypertrichosis cubiti: a clue to the diagnosis of Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Nerakh, Gayatri; Varma, ChaitanyaWiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare disorder with dysmorphic features, developmental delay, autism, and hypertrichosis. We report a case of a seven and half year-old female child born to a non-consanguineous couple with developmental delay, autism, behavioral abnormality and hypertrichosis cubiti diagnosed to have KMT2A gene associated WSS. It is important for the treating clinician to be aware of the characteristic signs and symptoms of the disorder and the necessity of genetic testing to be able to confirm the diagnosis and manage by multidisciplinary team in any child with developmental delay and autism.Item Shaken baby syndrome in neonate: a clinical masquerade(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Babu, Asha; Zacharias, Rekha; Thattarathodi, Mufeethali; Patel, DimpleAbusive head trauma, which is a subset of Shaken baby syndrome, refers to a type of brain injury that occurs when the baby's head is subjected to undesirable forces. The characteristic lack of contributory history often leads to misdiagnosis, delayed treatment and suboptimal clinical outcome. We reported a neonatal presentation of abusive head trauma which posed significant diagnostic challenges. This manuscript depicts our journey to the correct diagnosis and also a review of current literature on abusive head trauma.Item The silent storm: a case report of missed antenatal diagnosis leading to fatal respiratory distress and death in a rare case of congenital high airway obstruction syndrome(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Khan, RoohiCongenital high airway obstruction syndrome in neonates is a rare, life-threatening condition characterized by upper airway obstruction. Typically diagnosed prenatally through advanced imaging, CHAOS results from anomalies such as laryngeal atresia or web or tracheal stenosis. Neonates with CHAOS face respiratory distress at birth, necessitating prompt intervention. Management often involves ex-utero intrapartum treatment procedure or tracheostomy to establish a secure airway. Timely diagnosis and multidisciplinary collaboration are crucial for optimizing outcomes in affected infants. Despite its rarity, CHAOS demands heightened clinical awareness to ensure swift, tailored interventions and improve the chances of neonatal survival. We report here a case of CHAOS which was not diagnosed on antenatal ultrasonography.Item Enr韖uez Josselyn N. V., Vera Mateo D. F., Martinez Jessica P. F., L髉ez Diego A. C., Abad Cinthya C. U., Merino Mayra A. C.(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Enr韖uez, Josselyn N. V.; Vera, Mateo D. F.; Martinez, Jessica P. F.; L髉ez, Diego A. C.; Abad, Cinthya C. U.; Merino, Mayra A. C.The treatment of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) with antibiotics is important due to its substantial global health impact. To support clinical practice and antibiotic stewardship, this narrative review investigates the effects of the length of antibiotic therapy on the outcomes of childhood CAP. A thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar produced English articles published in the last ten years (2019�24) and looked at the connection between the length of antibiotic therapy and the outcomes of community-associated pneumonia in children. There is increasing evidence to support the similarity of shorter and longer antibiotic regimens for treating juvenile community-acquired pneumonia. Research continuously shows that shorter periods of antibiotic therapy梪sually five days梡roduce similar clinical results as lengthier regimens that last seven to 10 days. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on tailored treatment plans that take into account the child's age, the severity of the symptoms, and regional trends of antibiotic resistance. The included studies, albeit observational and retrospective, provide important insights into the safety, effectiveness, and consequences of various antibiotic regimens in the therapy of pediatric CAP. This review emphasizes the significance of evidence-based strategies to maximize antibiotic treatment for pediatric CAP, while also noting research limitations. More research is required to enhance treatment methods and results for kids with CAP. This includes carefully planned randomized controlled trials and integrated diagnostic tools.Item COVID-19 pandemic: maker or breaker for families having children with autism spectrum disorder-case series of maternal experiences, strategies and suggestions(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Inamdar, Nusrat R.; Wade, Minal R.; Mauskar, Anupama V.The COVID-19 pandemic due to prioritization of emergency and COVID-19 patient care at hospitals and disruption of daily routines and finances, impacted significantly families having people with special needs. This case series highlights the problems faced and strategies used by mothers of children having autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It summarizes the experiences of nine families of ASD children (2 to 9 years), selected consecutively from pediatric developmental/disability outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care center during i.e. April 2021 to May 2021 (2nd wave of COVID-19 pandemic) using a pre-designed proforma. Socio-demographic details, maternal experiences about challenges faced in child抯 home care, special therapies, managing child抯 behaviour, family support system, adaptations and their suggestions were recorded. The age group was 2 to 9 years and 8 were males. 7 out of 9 mothers reported that their child抯 interaction with father and other family members improved. Institutional therapy was discontinued by all mothers. Two mothers reported increased aggression in the child. Mothers from joint family and having supportive families reported less stress. Children who had company of parents/grandparents/sibling and availability of indoor games, art and craft and storytelling, reported less screen time and less behavioural disturbances though all the mothers reported increased screen time compared to pre COVID times. Mother抯 empowerment is key to success. Indoor physical games, unstructured play, increasing social awareness, supportive families, tele-rehabilitation services can improve overall progress in ASD children. Health care practices need to be revised from time to time for special needs/situations.Item A 5-year-old girl case of spastic paraplegia type 56, a mutation in the CYP2U1 gene(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Alotayk, Noura I.; Almunyif, Raghad M.; Moukais, Imad S.This case report details the presentation, diagnosis, and management of a 5-year-old girl from Saudi Arabia with Spastic Paraplegia Type 56 (SPG56) resulting from a novel mutation in the CYP2U1 gene. SPG56, a rare form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, exhibits genetic variability, impacting neurological and extra-neurological functions. The patient's clinical course involved a fall at age 2, subsequent motor deterioration, cognitive delays, and spasticity. Comprehensive diagnostic evaluations, including genetic testing, identified a homozygous likely pathogenic variant in CYP2U1. Despite outpatient therapy, the patient underwent a four-week intensive rehabilitation course to address spasticity and enhance daily living activities. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing SPG56 and underscores the importance of genetic testing in complex neurodegenerative cases.Item Clinical profile, etiological factors and outcome of children with status epilepticus admitted in tertiary hospital: a prospective study(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Jeergal, Nazeer A.; Lahari, Darla S. S.; Thobbi, A. N.Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency, and its neurological outcome is a concern to every pediatrician in developing countries. The incidence of convulsive SE in children is approximately 10�/100,000 per year, with the highest incidence in children less than one year of age. Approximately 30% of patients presenting with status epilepticus are having their first seizure. The objective of the study is to evaluate the clinical and etiological pattern of SE and its outcome in children admitted to PICU.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted among 50 patients aged 1 month to 12 years presenting with status epilepticus. The study was conducted over a period of one year from April 2022 to April 2023.Results: A majority of the patients were in the age group of 1-5 years (64%) and higher incidence of male children was observed (74%). Generalized tonic clonic seizure (GTCS) was predominant in 76% of the children and seizure duration was 10-20 minutes in 44% of the children. The most common etiologies were Meningoencephalitis (44%) and febrile seizures (20%). Nearly 70% of the children showed complete recovery with no neurological symptoms and 5 (10%) children died.Conclusions: Status epilepticus is a life-threatening emergency and timely management is essential to prevent morbidity and mortality. CNS infection is a major etiology and majority of the children showed good response with AED treatment.Item Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and practices in a tertiary hospital of Central India(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Sahu, Bharti; Thakur, Archana; Gupta, Deepti; Singh, Mrigendra P.; Shrivastava, Ananya; Diwakar, Priyanka; Sabin, Lora L.Background: Breastfeeding is a behavioural act of the mother, one that is affected by demographic, socioeconomic, and faith factors as well as by cultural traditions and beliefs. However, there is little scientific literature on potential gaps between knowledge and standard practices regarding exclusive breastfeeding and its predictors among mothers in central India.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to explore the knowledge, perceptions, practices, and the associated factors of exclusive breastfeeding among urban and rural mothers at a tertiary hospital of central India.Results: A total of 500 post-natal mothers at the study hospital were interviewed to assess their knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding. The study revealed that knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding was 47% while breastfeeding practices for up to six months of babies was reported by only 15% of participants. Breastfeeding within one hour of birth was reported by 31% of mothers. About 62% did not feed colostrum, while 57% fed their baby pre-lacteal feed. Mothers belonging to a rural community, living in joint family, literate, employed, better-off economic status, multigravida, having a previous history of vaginal delivery, and male child, and those counselled regarding breastfeeding during ANC visits had higher knowledge and better practices of exclusive breastfeeding.Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest an urgent need for regular counselling in ANC clinics to promote exclusive breastfeeding among women and their family caregivers. Breastfeeding awareness education programs for all pregnant women are recommended to ensure that mothers learn best practices regarding breastfeeding and its benefits.Item Prevalence of cardiac complications in perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection in children in Southern India: an observational study(Medip Academy, 2024-04) Angadi, Shambu S.; Angadi, Chaitra; Wari, Prakash K.Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a multisystemic illness that impacts most organ system, to investigate prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection.Methods: This observational study was conducted in a tertiary care centre in Southern India. HIV-positive children between the ages of 18 months and 15 years were included. Cardiac abnormalities were defined as abnormalities identified on 2D echocardiography and/or electrocardiogram.Results: The 73 children with HIV infection had their cardiac manifestations assessed. Median age of children was 8 years with 52% of female participants, 22 (30.13%) children had cardiac abnormalities, of which 5 (27.27%) were symptomatic. Overall, 21/22 (95.45%) children had abnormalities on their ECG, 16 (72.72%) had abnormalities on 2D echocardiography. Of these, we found that children with delayed diagnosis of HIV infection and with more advanced clinical and immunological staging in HIV are more prone to develop cardiac complications irrespective of antiretroviral therapy (ART).Conclusions: HIV-related heart involvement is not uncommon, rather occur subclinical. A decreasing CD4 count and worsening clinical status are associated with increased risk. Hence its crucial to screen the children, diagnose at the earliest and timely manage the complications appropriately for prevention of early mortality.